Methodological Note

To develop this Tracker, ESCWA broadly followed the methodology adopted and elaborated in the Annual Digest of Social Protection Reforms in the Arab Region, 2025. A triangulation approach, combining automated web-scraping tools, manual desk research and direct communication with government officials, was adopted to collect data on government measures announced or implemented in response to the military escalation. However, to ensure that the measures collected and analysed reflect the compounding nature of this new round of shocks and the broad range of policy instruments used by Governments in response, this edition analyses the following categories of measures:

• Social protection measures, including social assistance and social insurance.
• Labour market policies, including wage adjustments and the creation of additional jobs.
• Measures related to subsidies, including expanding or increasing subsidies and other price-related measures.
• Humanitarian assistance, including the provision of temporary cash support and in-kind services.
• Other measures related to tax policies, fee waivers or relief measures.

In addition, the monitoring scope went beyond the 15 functions of social protection used in the Annual Digest of Social Protection Reform to include additional types of benefits and services such as wages, healthcare, transport, capacity development and logistical support.

Disclaimer

The policies and measures captured in this online tracker are compiled from publicly available websites. ESCWA is not responsible for the accessibility or functionality of any external links referenced in the tracker. This tracker is intended for information-sharing and knowledge dissemination purposes. It does not necessarily reflect the views or official positions of the United Nations or its affiliated entities. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the tracker may not capture the full scope of reforms undertaken by Arab countries. The tracker is updated regularly.